سس‌ماهی‌ها

سس‌ماهی‌ها یا ریشک‌دارها (نام علمی: Barbus) سرده ای پرتعداد از کپورماهیان پرتوباله است که در سراسر جهان یافت می‌شوند. از جمله شاخص‌ترین گونه‌های بارب، زردپر معمولی است که به تعداد فراوان در رودخانه‌های اروپای غربی و مرکزی یافت می‌شود.

سس ماهی
زردپر معمولی
آرایه‌شناسی
فرمانرو:	جانوران
شاخه:	طنابداران
رده:	پرتوبالگان
راسته:	کپورماهی‌سانان
تیره:	کپورماهیان
سرده:	Barbus کوویه و کلوکه، ۱۸۱۶
نوع گونه
Cyprinus barbus لینه، ۱۷۵۸

نام عمومی انگلیسی این ماهی‌ها «بارب» اشاره به سبیلک دار بودن آن‌ها دارد. اکثر ماهی‌های این سرده دارای یک جفت سبیلک در طرفین دهان خود هستند که این عضو در پیدا کردن غذا به خصوص در کف آب به آن‌ها کمک می‌کند. برخی از این ماهی‌ها دارای ارزش اقتصادی بوده و جهت استفادهٔ خوراکی توسط انسان صید می‌شوند اما تخم (خاویار) بعضی از این ماهی‌ها سمی است. همچنین برخی از گونه‌ها به عنوان ماهی زینتی در آکواریوم‌ها نگهداری می شوتد.[1]

گونه‌ها

هم‌اکنون تعداد ۳۱۱ گونه در این سرده جا دارند:

Barbus ablabes (Bleeker, 1863) Barbus aboinensis Boulenger, 1911 Barbus acuticeps Matthes, 1959 Barbus afrohamiltoni Crass, 1960 (Hamilton's barb, plump barb) Barbus afrovernayi Nichols & Boulton (fi), 1927 (spottail barb) Barbus albanicus Steindachner, 1870 Barbus aliciae Bigorne & Lévêque, 1993 Barbus alluaudi Pellegrin, 1909 Barbus aloyi Román, 1971 Barbus altianalis Boulenger, 1900 (Ripon barbel) Barbus altidorsalis Boulenger, 1908 Barbus amanpoae J. G. Lambert, 1961 Barbus amatolicus P. H. Skelton, 1990 (Amatola barb) Barbus andrewi Barnard, 1937 (Cape whitefish, Berg-breede River whitefish) Barbus anema Boulenger, 1903 Barbus annectens Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1917 (broad-striped barb) Barbus anniae Lévêque, 1983 Barbus anoplus M. C. W. Weber, 1897 (chubbyhead barb) Barbus ansorgii Boulenger, 1904 Barbus apleurogramma Boulenger, 1911 (East African red-finned barb) Barbus arabicus Trewavas, 1941 Barbus arambourgi Pellegrin, 1935 Barbus arcislongae Keilhack, 1908 Barbus argenteus Günther, 1868 (rosefin barb) Barbus aspilus Boulenger, 1907 Barbus atakorensis Daget, 1957 Barbus atkinsoni R. G. Bailey, 1969 (dash-dot barb) Barbus atromaculatus Nichols & Griscom, 1917 Barbus bagbwensis Norman, 1932 Barbus balcanicus Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Ráb & Berrebi, 2002 (large-spot barbel) برزم لب‌پهن Heckel, 1847 Barbus barbus (لینه، ۱۷۵۸) (common barbel) Barbus barnardi Jubb, 1965 (blackback barb) Barbus barotseensis Pellegrin, 1920 (Barotse barb) Barbus baudoni Boulenger, 1918 Barbus bawkuensis A. J. Hopson, 1965 Barbus bergi Chichkoff, 1935 (Bulgarian barbel) Barbus bifrenatus Fowler, 1935 (hyphen barb) Barbus bigornei Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988 Barbus boboi L. P. Schultz, 1942 Barbus borysthenicus Dybowski, 1862 Barbus bourdariei Pellegrin, 1928 Barbus brachygramma Boulenger, 1915 (line-spotted Ufipa barb) Barbus brazzai Pellegrin, 1901 Barbus breviceps Trewavas, 1936 (shorthead barb) Barbus brevidorsalis Boulenger, 1915 (dwarf barb) Barbus brevilateralis Poll, 1967 Barbus brevipinnis Jubb, 1966 (shortfin barb) Barbus brichardi Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1959 Barbus bynni (Forsskål, 1775) Barbus bynni bynni (Forsskål, 1775) Barbus bynni occidentalis Boulenger, 1911 (Niger barb) Barbus bynni waldroni Norman, 1935 Barbus cadenati Daget, 1962 Barbus calidus Barnard, 1938 (Clanwilliam redfin) Barbus callensis Valenciennes, 1842 (Algerian barb) Barbus callipterus Boulenger, 1907 (clipper barb, Congo barb) Barbus camptacanthus (Bleeker, 1863) (African red-finned barb) Barbus candens Nichols & Griscom, 1917 Barbus caninus بناپارت، ۱۸۳۹ (brook barbel) Barbus carcharhinoides Stiassny, 1991 Barbus carens Boulenger, 1912 Barbus carottae (Bianco, 1998) Barbus carpathicus Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Ráb & Berrebi, 2002 (Carpathian barbel) Barbus castrasibutum Fowler, 1936 Barbus catenarius Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1959 Barbus caudosignatus Poll, 1967 Barbus cercops Whitehead, 1960 (Luambwa barb) Barbus chicapaensis Poll, 1967 Barbus chiumbeensis Pellegrin, 1936 Barbus chlorotaenia Boulenger, 1911 Barbus choloensis Norman, 1925 (silver barb) Barbus ciscaucasicus Kessler, 1877 (Terek barbel) Barbus citrinus Boulenger, 1920 Barbus claudinae De Vos & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990 Barbus clauseni Thys van den Audenaerde, 1976 Barbus collarti Poll, 1945 Barbus condei Mahnert & Géry, 1982 Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837 Barbus dartevellei Poll, 1945 Barbus deguidei Matthes, 1964 Barbus deserti Pellegrin, 1909 Barbus devosi Banyankimbona, Vreven & Snoeks, 2012[2] Barbus dialonensis Daget, 1962 Barbus diamouanganai Teugels & Mamonekene, 1992 Barbus ditinensis Daget, 1962 Barbus dorsolineatus Trewavas, 1936 (Cunene barb, topstripe barb) Barbus eburneensis Poll, 1941 Barbus elephantis Boulenger, 1907 (May be junior synonym of B. marequensis) Barbus ensis Boulenger, 1910 Barbus ercisianus M. S. Karaman (sr), 1971 Barbus erubescens P. H. Skelton, 1974 (Twee River redfin, Twee redfin) Barbus erythrozonus Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1959 Barbus ethiopicus Zolezzi, 1939 Barbus euboicus Stephanidis, 1950 (petropsaro, Evia barbel) Barbus eurystomus Keilhack, 1908 Barbus eutaenia Boulenger, 1904 (orangefin barb) Barbus evansi Fowler, 1930 Barbus fasciolatus Günther, 1868 (African banded barb) Barbus fasolt Pappenheim, 1914 Barbus foutensis Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988 Barbus fritschii Günther, 1874

Barbus gananensis Vinciguerra, 1895 Barbus gestetneri Banister & R. G. Bailey, 1979 Barbus girardi Boulenger, 1910 Barbus goktschaicus Kessler, 1877 (Gokcha barbel) Barbus greenwoodi Poll, 1967 Barbus gruveli Pellegrin, 1911 شیربتBarbus grypus Heckel, 1843 Barbus guildi Loiselle, 1973 Barbus guineensis Pellegrin, 1913 Barbus guirali Thominot, 1886 Barbus gulielmi Boulenger, 1910 Barbus gurneyi Günther, 1868 (redtail barb) Barbus haasi Mertens, 1925 (red-tailed barbel) Barbus haasianus L. R. David, 1936 (sickle barb) Barbus harterti Günther, 1901 Barbus holotaenia Boulenger, 1904 (spotscale barb) Barbus hospes Barnard, 1938 (Namaquab barb) Barbus huguenyi Bigorne & Lévêque, 1993 Barbus huloti Banister, 1976 Barbus hulstaerti Poll, 1945 (butterfly barb) Barbus humeralis Boulenger, 1902 Barbus humilis Boulenger, 1902 Barbus humphri Banister, 1976 Barbus inaequalis Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988 Barbus innocens Pfeffer, 1896 (inconspicuous barb) Barbus iturii Holly, 1929 Barbus jacksoni Günther, 1889 (Jackson's barb) Barbus jae Boulenger, 1903 (Jae barb) Barbus janssensi Poll, 1976 Barbus jubbi Poll, 1967 Barbus kamolondoensis Poll, 1938 Barbus kerstenii W. K. H. Peters, 1868 (redspot barb) Barbus kessleri (Steindachner, 1866) (Gillbar barb) Barbus kissiensis Daget, 1954 Barbus kubanicus L. S. Berg, 1913 (Kuban barbel) Barbus kuiluensis Pellegrin, 1930 بلیزم Heckel, 1843 (Kura barbel, Mtkvari barbel) Barbus lagensis (Günther, 1868) Barbus lamani Lönnberg & Rendahl (de), 1920 Barbus laticeps Pfeffer, 1889 Barbus lauzannei Lévêque & Paugy, 1982 Barbus leonensis Boulenger, 1915 Barbus leptopogon G. H. W. Schimper, 1834 Barbus liberiensis Steindachner, 1894 Barbus lineomaculatus Boulenger, 1903 (line-spotted barb) Barbus longiceps Valenciennes, 1842 Barbus longifilis Pellegrin, 1935 Barbus lornae Ricardo-Bertram, 1943 Barbus lorteti Sauvage, 1882 Barbus loveridgii Boulenger, 1916 Barbus luapulae Fowler, 1958 Barbus lufukiensis Boulenger, 1917 Barbus luikae Ricardo, 1939 (Luika barb) Barbus lujae Boulenger, 1913 Barbus lukindae Boulenger, 1915 Barbus lukusiensis L. R. David & Poll, 1937 Barbus luluae Fowler, 1930 Barbus macedonicus S. L. Karaman, 1928 Barbus machadoi Poll, 1967 Barbus macinensis Daget, 1954 Barbus macroceps Fowler, 1936 Barbus macrolepis Pfeffer, 1889 Barbus macrops Boulenger, 1911 (blackstripe barb) Barbus macrotaenia Worthington, 1933 (broadband barb) Barbus magdalenae Boulenger, 1906 (Bunjako barb) Barbus manicensis Pellegrin, 1919 (yellow barb) Barbus mariae Holly, 1929 (rhinofish) Barbus marmoratus L. R. David & Poll, 1937 Barbus martorelli Román, 1971 Barbus matthesi Poll & J. P. Gosse, 1963 Barbus mattozi A. R. P. Guimarães, 1884 (papermouth) Barbus mawambi Pappenheim, 1914 Barbus mawambiensis Steindachner, 1911 Barbus mediosquamatus Poll, 1967 Barbus melanotaenia Stiassny, 1991 Barbus meridionalis A. Risso, 1827 (Mediterranean barbel, southern barbel) †Barbus microbarbis L. R. David & Poll, 1937 Barbus microterolepis Boulenger, 1902 Barbus mimus Boulenger, 1912 (Ewaso Nyiro barb) Barbus miolepis Boulenger, 1902 (zigzag barb) Barbus mirabilis Pappenheim, 1914 Barbus mocoensis Trewavas, 1936 Barbus mohasicus Pappenheim, 1914 Barbus motebensis Steindachner, 1894 (Marico barb) Barbus multilineatus Worthington, 1933 (copperstripe barb) Barbus musumbi Boulenger, 1910 Barbus myersi Poll, 1939 Barbus nanningsi (de Beaufort, 1933) Barbus nasus Günther, 1874 Barbus neefi Greenwood, 1962 (sidespot barb) Barbus neglectus Boulenger, 1903 (possibly synonym of B. perince) Barbus neumayeri J. G. Fischer, 1884 (Neumayer's barb) Barbus nigeriensis Boulenger, 1903 Barbus nigrifilis Nichols, 1928 Barbus nigroluteus Pellegrin, 1930 Barbus niluferensis Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2009 Barbus niokoloensis Daget, 1959 Barbus nounensis Van den Bergh & Teugels, 1998 Barbus nyanzae Whitehead, 1960 (Nyanza barb) Barbus okae (Fowler, 1949) Barbus oligogrammus L. R. David, 1937 Barbus oligolepis Battalgil, 1941 Barbus olivaceus Seegers, 1996 (olive-green Ufipa barb) Barbus owenae Ricardo-Bertram, 1943 Barbus oxyrhynchus Pfeffer, 1889 (Pangani barb) Barbus pagenstecheri J. G. Fischer, 1884 Barbus pallidus A. Smith, 1841 (Goldie barb) Barbus paludinosus W. K. H. Peters, 1852 (straightfin barb) Barbus papilio Banister & R. G. Bailey, 1979 Barbus parablabes Daget, 1957 Barbus parajae Van den Bergh& Teugels, 1998

Barbus parawaldroni Lévêque, Thys van den Audenaerde & Traoré، ۱۹۸۷ Barbus paucisquamatus Pellegrin, 1935 Barbus pellegrini Poll, 1939 (Pellegrin's barb) Barbus peloponnesius Valenciennes, 1842 Barbus pergamonensis M. S. Karaman (sr), 1971 (Anatolian barbel) Barbus perince Rüppell, 1835 Barbus petchkovskyi Poll, 1967 Barbus petenyi Heckel, 1852 (Romanian barbel) Barbus petitjeani Daget, 1962 Barbus platyrhinus Boulenger, 1900 Barbus plebejus بناپارت، ۱۸۳۹ (Italian barbel) Barbus pleurogramma Boulenger, 1902 Barbus pobeguini Pellegrin, 1911 Barbus poechii Steindachner, 1911 (dashtail barb) Barbus prespensis S. L. Karaman, 1924 (briána) Barbus prionacanthus Mahnert & Géry, 1982 Barbus profundus Greenwood, 1970 Barbus pseudotoppini Seegers, 1996 Barbus pumilus Boulenger, 1901 Barbus punctitaeniatus Daget, 1954 Barbus pygmaeus Poll & J. P. Gosse, 1963 Barbus quadrilineatus L. R. David, 1937 Barbus quadripunctatus Pfeffer, 1896 (four-spotted barb) Barbus radiatus W. K. H. Peters, 1853 (redeye barb) Barbus raimbaulti Daget, 1962 Barbus rebeli Koller, 1926 (Western Balkan barbel) Barbus reinii Günther, 1874 Barbus rhinophorus Boulenger, 1910 Barbus rohani Pellegrin, 1921 Barbus rosae Boulenger, 1910 Barbus roussellei Ladiges & Voelker, 1961 Barbus rouxi Daget, 1961 Barbus ruasae Pappenheim, 1914 Barbus rubrostigma Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1964 Barbus sacratus Daget, 1963 Barbus salessei Pellegrin, 1908 Barbus sensitivus T. R. Roberts, 2010 Barbus serengetiensis Farm, 2000 Barbus serra W. K. H. Peters, 1864 (sawfin, Clanwilliam sawfin) Barbus sexradiatus Boulenger, 1911 (Kavirondo barb) Barbus seymouri Tweddle & P. H. Skelton, 2008 Barbus somereni Boulenger, 1911 Barbus sperchiensis Stephanidis, 1950 (Sperchios barbel) Barbus stanleyi Poll & J. P. Gosse, 1974 Barbus stappersii Boulenger, 1915 Barbus stauchi Daget, 1967 Barbus stigmasemion Fowler, 1936 Barbus stigmatopygus Boulenger, 1903 Barbus strumicae S. L. Karaman, 1955 (Strumica barbel) Barbus subinensis A. J. Hopson, 1965 Barbus sublimus Coad & Najafpour, 1997 Barbus sublineatus Daget, 1954 Barbus subquincunciatus Günther, 1868 Barbus sylvaticus Loiselle & Welcomme, 1971 Barbus syntrechalepis (Fowler, 1949) Barbus taeniopleura Boulenger, 1917 Barbus taeniurus Boulenger, 1903 Barbus tanapelagius Graaf, Dejen, Sibbing & Osse, 2000 Barbus tauricus Kessler, 1877 (Crimean barbel) Barbus tegulifer Fowler, 1936 Barbus tetraspilus Pfeffer, 1896 Barbus tetrastigma Boulenger, 1913 Barbus teugelsi Bamba, Vreven & Snoeks, 2011[3] Barbus thamalakanensis Fowler, 1935 (Thamalakane barb) Barbus thessalus Stephanidis, 1971 (Thessalian barbel) Barbus thysi Trewavas, 1974 Barbus tiekoroi Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987 Barbus tomiensis Fowler, 1936 Barbus tongaensis Rendahl (de), 1935 Barbus toppini Boulenger, 1916 (East Coast barb) Barbus trachypterus Boulenger, 1915 Barbus traorei Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987 Barbus treurensis Groenewald, 1958 (Treur River barb, Treur barb) Barbus trevelyani Günther, 1877 (Border barb) Barbus trimaculatus W. K. H. Peters, 1852 (threespot barb) Barbus trinotatus Fowler, 1936 Barbus trispiloides Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987 Barbus trispilomimus Boulenger, 1907 Barbus trispilopleura Boulenger, 1902 Barbus trispilos (Bleeker, 1863) Barbus tropidolepis Boulenger, 1900 Barbus turkanae A. J. Hopson & J. Hopson, 1982 (Lake Turkana barb) Barbus tyberinus بناپارت، ۱۸۳۹ Barbus unitaeniatus Günther, 1866 (slender barb, longbeard barb) Barbus urostigma Boulenger, 1917 Barbus urotaenia Boulenger, 1913 Barbus usambarae Lönnberg, 1907 Barbus vanderysti Poll, 1945 Barbus venustus R. G. Bailey, 1980 (red Pangani barb) Barbus viktorianus Lohberger, 1929 (Victoria barb) Barbus viviparus M. C. W. Weber, 1897 (bowstripe barb) Barbus waleckii Rolik, 1970 (Vistula barbel) Barbus walkeri Boulenger, 1904 Barbus wellmani Boulenger, 1911 Barbus wurtzi Pellegrin, 1908 Barbus yeiensis Johnsen, 1926 Barbus yongei Whitehead, 1960 (Nzoia barb) Barbus zalbiensis Blache & Miton, 1960 Barbus zanzibaricus W. K. H. Peters, 1868 (Zanzibar barb) Barbus sp. 'Banhine' – (Banhine barb) Barbus sp. 'Baringo' Barbus sp. 'Chimanimani' – (Chimanimani chubbyhead) Barbus sp. 'Nzoia' Barbus sp. 'Nzoia ۲' Barbus sp. 'Pangani' Barbus sp. 'Waterberg' – (Waterberg shortfin barb)

پانویس

1. یادکرد خالی (کمک)
2. Banyankimbona, G. ، Vreven, E. & Snoeks, J. (2012): ‘Barbus’ devosi, new species from the Malagarazi River basin in Burundi and Tanzania, East Africa (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters، 23 (2): 181-192.
3. Bamba, M. ، Vreven, E.J. & Snoeks, J. (2011): Description of Barbus teugelsi sp. nov. (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Little Scarcies basin in Guinea, Africa. Zootaxa، 2998: 48–65.