آمفی‌رگولین

آمفی‌رگولین (انگلیسی: Amphiregulin‎) با نامِ اختصاری «AREG» نام پروتئینی است که در انسان توسط ژن «AREG» کُد می‌شود.[4][5][6]

AREG
ساختارهای موجود PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2RNL
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	AREG, AR, AREGB, CRDGF, SDGF, amphiregulin
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 104640 MGI: 88068 HomoloGene: 1252 GeneCards: AREG
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[1] Band 5 E1|5 44.78 cM Start 91,139,599 bp[1] End 91,148,432 bp[1]
هستی‌شناسی ژن عملکرد ملکولی • cytokine activity • epidermal growth factor receptor binding • GO:0001948 پیوند پروتئینی • growth factor activity ترکیبات سلولی • سیتوپلاسم • integral component of membrane • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • membrane • intracellular anatomical structure • cell surface • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane • هسته یاخته • Golgi membrane • extracellular space • extracellular region • clathrin-coated vesicle membrane فرایند زیستی • dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway • response to estradiol • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway • response to organic cyclic compound • cell-cell signaling • mammary gland branching involved in thelarche • response to peptide hormone • response to glucocorticoid • mammary gland alveolus development • negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation • endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport • epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation • COPII vesicle coating • glial cell proliferation • response to cAMP • positive regulation of phosphorylation • cell population proliferation • neuron projection development • response to hydrogen peroxide • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • regulation of signaling receptor activity • positive regulation of cell population proliferation • MAPK cascade • ورارسانی پیام • negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling • membrane organization • positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation Sources:آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
گونه‌ها	انسان	موش
Entrez	374	11839
آنسامبل	ENSG00000109321	ENSMUSG00000029378
یونی‌پروت	P15514	P31955
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001657	NM_009704
RefSeq (پروتئین)	NP_001648	NP_033834
موقعیت (UCSC)	n/a	Chr : 91.14 – 91.15 Mb
جستجوی PubMed	[2]	[3]
ویکی‌داده
مشاهده/ویرایش Human View/Edit Mouse

این پروتئین متعلق به خانوادهٔ فاکتورهای رشد اپیدرمی[4] بوده و نوعی فاکتور رشد اُتوکرین و همچنین یک میتوژن برای آستروسیت، سلول‌های شوآن و فیبروبلاست‌ها است. آمفی‌رگولین با EGF و TGF-α مرتبط است و با «گیرنده فاکتور رشد اپیدرمی» واکنش نشان می‌دهد تا رشدِ سلول‌های طبیعی بافت پوششی تحریک و تقویت شود.

هورمون‌های استرادیول و پروژسترون بیان ژنی تولیدِ آمفی‌رگولین را جهت رشد مجاری شیری پستان‌ها تحریک می‌کنند.[7][8][9][10][11]

جهش در ژنِ تولیدکنندهٔ این پروتئین، با بروز فنوتیپ پوستی شبه پسوریازیس در ارتباط است.[4]

منابع

1. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029378 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Entrez Gene: AREG amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor)".
5. Shoyab M, Plowman GD, McDonald VL, Bradley JG, Todaro GJ (February 1989). "Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Science. 243 (4894 Pt 1): 1074–1076. doi:10.1126/science.2466334. PMID 2466334.
6. Plowman GD, Green JM, McDonald VL, Neubauer MG, Disteche CM, Todaro GJ, Shoyab M (May 1990). "The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (5): 1969–1981. PMC 360543. PMID 2325643.
7. Aupperlee MD, Leipprandt JR, Bennett JM, Schwartz RC, Haslam SZ (2013). "Amphiregulin mediates progesterone-induced mammary ductal development during puberty". Breast Cancer Research. 15 (3): R44. doi:10.1186/bcr3431. PMC 3738150. PMID 23705924.
8. LaMarca HL, Rosen JM (2007). "Estrogen regulation of mammary gland development and breast cancer: amphiregulin takes center stage". Breast Cancer Research. 9 (4): 304. doi:10.1186/bcr1740. PMC 2206713. PMID 17659070.
9. Kariagina A, Xie J, Leipprandt JR, Haslam SZ (2010). "Amphiregulin mediates estrogen, progesterone, and EGFR signaling in the normal rat mammary gland and in hormone-dependent rat mammary cancers". Hormones and Cancer. 1 (5): 229–244. doi:10.1007/s12672-010-0048-0. PMC 3000471. PMID 21258428.
10. McBryan J, Howlin J, Napoletano S, Martin F (2008). "Amphiregulin: role in mammary gland development and breast cancer". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 13 (2): 159–69. doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9075-7. PMID 18398673.
11. Sternlicht MD, Sunnarborg SW (2008). "The ADAM17-amphiregulin-EGFR axis in mammary development and cancer". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 13 (2): 181–194. doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9084-6. PMC 2723838. PMID 18470483.

• مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Amphiregulin». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۲۵ نوامبر ۲۰۱۷.

بیشتر بخوانید

• Culouscou JM, Remacle-Bonnet M, Carlton GW, et al. (1993). "Colorectum cell-derived growth factor (CRDGF) is homologous to amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Growth Factors. 7 (3): 195–205. doi:10.3109/08977199209046924. PMID 1333777.
• Cook PW, Mattox PA, Keeble WW, et al. (1991). "A heparin sulfate-regulated human keratinocyte autocrine factor is similar or identical to amphiregulin". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 11 (5): 2547–57. PMC 360024. PMID 2017164.
• Kimura H, Fischer WH, Schubert D (1990). "Structure, expression and function of a schwannoma-derived growth factor". Nature. 348 (6298): 257–60. doi:10.1038/348257a0. PMID 2234093.
• Plowman GD, Green JM, McDonald VL, et al. (1990). "The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (5): 1969–81. PMC 360543. PMID 2325643.
• Shoyab M, Plowman GD, McDonald VL, et al. (1989). "Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Science. 243 (4894 Pt 1): 1074–6. doi:10.1126/science.2466334. PMID 2466334.
• Shoyab M, McDonald VL, Bradley JG, Todaro GJ (1988). "Amphiregulin: a bifunctional growth-modulating glycoprotein produced by the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – U.S.A. 85 (17): 6528–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6528. PMC 282006. PMID 3413110.
• Chen CS, Bejcek BE, Kersey JH (1995). "A mapping study of 13 genes on human chromosome bands 4q11→q25". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 69 (3–4): 260–5. doi:10.1159/000133976. PMID 7698025.
• Cook PW, Piepkorn M, Clegg CH, et al. (1997). "Transgenic expression of the human amphiregulin gene induces a psoriasis-like phenotype". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 100 (9): 2286–94. doi:10.1172/JCI119766. PMC 508424. PMID 9410906.
• Wong L, Deb TB, Thompson SA, et al. (1999). "A differential requirement for the COOH-terminal region of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in amphiregulin and EGF mitogenic signaling". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (13): 8900–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.13.8900. PMID 10085134.
• Reddy KB, Krueger JS, Kondapaka SB, Diglio CA (1999). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates the expression of progelatinase B (MMP-9) in breast epithelial cells". International Journal of Cancer. 82 (2): 268–73. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990719)82:2<268::AID-IJC18>3.0.CO;2-4. PMID 10389762.
• Fernandes AM, Hamburger AW, Gerwin BI (1999). "Production of epidermal growth factor related ligands in tumorigenic and benign human lung epithelial cells". Cancer Letters. 142 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00166-4. PMID 10424781.
• Lee SB, Huang K, Palmer R, et al. (1999). "The Wilms tumor suppressor WT1 encodes a transcriptional activator of amphiregulin". Cell. 98 (5): 663–73. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80053-7. PMID 10490105.
• Tokumaru S, Higashiyama S, Endo T, et al. (2000). "Ectodomain Shedding of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligands Is Required for Keratinocyte Migration in Cutaneous Wound Healing". Journal of Cell Biology. 151 (2): 209–20. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.2.209. PMC 2192647. PMID 11038170.
• Ebert MP, Hernberg S, Fei G, et al. (2001). "Induction and expression of cyclin D3 in human pancreatic cancer". Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. 127 (7): 449–54. doi:10.1007/s004320100235. PMID 11469683.
• Berquin IM, Dziubinski ML, Nolan GP, Ethier SP (2001). "A functional screen for genes inducing epidermal growth factor autonomy of human mammary epithelial cells confirms the role of amphiregulin". Oncogene. 20 (30): 4019–28. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204537. PMID 11494130.
• Thøgersen VB, Sørensen BS, Poulsen SS, et al. (2001). "A subclass of HER1 ligands are prognostic markers for survival in bladder cancer patients". Cancer Research. 61 (16): 6227–33. PMID 11507076.
• Wolfgang CD, Essand M, Lee B, Pastan I (2001). "T-cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) expression in prostate cancer cells leads to an increased growth rate and induction of caveolins and amphiregulin". Cancer Research. 61 (22): 8122–6. PMID 11719440.
• Schiemann U, Konturek J, Assert R, et al. (2002). "mRNA expression of EGF receptor ligands in atrophic gastritis before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication". Medical Science Monitor. 8 (2): CR53–8. PMID 11859273.
• Tørring N, Møller-Ernst Jensen K, Lund L, et al. (2002). "Possible autocrine loop of the epidermal growth factor system in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with finasteride: a placebo-controlled randomized study". BJU International. 89 (6): 583–90. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.02665.x. PMID 11942969.
• Hurbin A, Dubrez L, Coll JL, Favrot MC (2003). "Inhibition of apoptosis by amphiregulin via an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-dependent pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (51): 49127–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207584200. PMID 12356750.

پیوند به بیرون

• مکان ژنوم AR انسانی و صفحهٔ جزئیات ژنی AR در سامانه جستجوی بانک ژنی دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، سانتا کروز.
• مکان ژنوم AREG انسانی و صفحهٔ جزئیات ژنی AREG در سامانه جستجوی بانک ژنی دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، سانتا کروز.