سوءاستفاده سیاسی از روان‌پزشکی در اتحاد شوروی

در قرن بیستم در اتحاد شوروی، به‌طور سیستماتیک سوء استفاده سیاسی از روانپزشکی رخ داد.[1] در دوران رهبری دبیرکل لئونید برژنف، روانشناسی چون ابزاری برای حذف مخالفین سیاسی («ناراضیان») که آشکارا باورهایی مغایر با جزم‌باوری حاکم ابراز می‌کردند به کار می‌رفت.[2] لفظ «مستی فلسفی» به‌طور گسترده برای تشخیص اختلالات ذهنی در مواردی که مردم با رهبران موافقت نداشتند و آنان را با استفاده از نوشته‌های کارل مارکس، فریدریش انگلس، و ولادیمیر لنین نقد می‌کردند به کار می‌رفت. [3] تلاشها برای مهاجرت کردن؛ توزیع یا مالکیت اسناد یا کتب ممنوعه؛ شرکت جستن در کنش‌های حقوق مدنی یا تظاهرات و اشتغال به فعالیت‌های ممنوع مذهبی روند حبس روان‌پزشکانه را موجب می‌شد.[4] اسناد دولتی سابقاً شدیداً طبقه بندی شدهٔ منتشره پس از فروپاشی اتحاد شوروی نشان می‌دهد که مقامات از روانپزشکی چون ابزاری برای سرکوب نارضایتی استفاده می‌کردند.[5]

موسسه تحقیقات مرکزی صربسکی

یادداشتها

1. Gershman 1984; Merskey 1978; Knapp 2007, p. 406; Bonnie 2002; Voren 2010a; Society for International Development 1984, p. 19; Lisle 2010, p. 47; Kutchins & Kirk 1997, p. 293; Voren 2002; BMA 1992, p. 66; Helmchen & Sartorius 2010, p. 490; Finckenauer 1995, p. 52
2. Korolenko & Dmitrieva 2000, p. ۱۷.
3. Korolenko & Dmitrieva 2000, p. ۱۵.
4. Pospielovsky 1988, pp. ۳۶, ۱۴۰, ۱۵۶, ۱۷۸–۱۸۱.
5. Gluzman 2009a.

منابع

منابع آرشیوی

• Soviet Archives, collected by Vladimir Bukovsky. О мерах в связи с антисоветскими материалами в английской печати (Тарсиса). [On measures in connection with anti-Soviet materials (by Tarsis) in the British press]; 8 April 1966 [archived ۹ مارس ۲۰۱۲; cited 15 January 2011]; P۲۳۸/۱۳۲. Russian.
• Human Rights Watch Records, Record Group 7: Helsinki Watch, ۱۹۵۲-۲۰۰۳ (Bulk, ۱۹۷۸-۱۹۹۴) HR# ۰۰۰۲. [archived 12 مارس 2012; cited 31 اكتبر 2013].
• Library of Congress. Sakharov's Telegram: Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov's telegram supporting the protests of two dissidents, V. Fainberg and V. Borisov [English translation]; 22 July 2010 [archived ۲۲ اکتبر ۲۰۱۲; cited ۳۱ اکتبر ۲۰۱۳].

انتشارات رسمی و دولتی

• Abuse of psychiatry for political repression in the Soviet Union: Hearing, Ninety-second Congress, second session. September 26, 1972. واشینگتن، دی. سی.: دفتر چاپ دولت ایالات متحده آمریکا; ۱۹۷۲.
• Abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union: hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, September 20, 1983. واشینگتن، دی. سی.: دفتر چاپ دولت ایالات متحده آمریکا; ۱۹۸۴.
• Soviet Political Psychiatry: The Story of the Opposition. London: International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals; ۱۹۸۳.
• British Medical Association. Medicine betrayed: the participation of doctors in human rights abuses. Zed Books; ۱۹۹۲. ISBN 1-85649-104-8.
• Psychiatric abuse of political prisoners in the Soviet Union: testimony by Leonid Plyushch: hearing before the Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Ninety-fourth Congress, second session, March 30, 1976. واشینگتن، دی. سی.: دفتر چاپ دولت ایالات متحده آمریکا; ۱۹۷۶.
• Society for International Development. Development: Seeds of change, village through global order. Society for International Development; ۱۹۸۴. p. ۱۹.

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• Ziolkowski, Margaret. Literary exorcisms of Stalinism: Russian writers and the Soviet past. Camden House; ۱۹۹۸. ISBN 1-57113-179-5.

مقالات ژورنال و فصول کتابها

• ۱۵ лет Независимому психиатрическому журналу [۱۵th anniversary of the Independent Psychiatric Journal]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۵ [cited 24 July 2011];(۴). Russian.
• Alexéyeff, S.. Abuse of psychiatry as a tool for political repression in the Soviet Union. The Medical Journal of Australia. ۱۹۷۶;۱(۵):۱۲۲–۱۲۳. PMID 1263959.
• Bloch, Sidney. The political misuse of Soviet psychiatry: Honolulu and beyond. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. ۱۹۸۰ [cited 19 February 2013];۱۴(۲):۱۰۹–۱۱۴. doi:10.3109/00048678009159364. PMID 6107077.
• Bonnie, Richard. Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union and in China: Complexities and Controversies. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. ۲۰۰۲ [archived ۲۸ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۱; cited 24 February 2011];۳۰(۱):۱۳۶–۱۴۴. PMID 11931362.
• Bonnie, Richard; Polubinskaya, Svetlana. Unraveling Soviet psychiatry. The Journal of Cotemporary Legal Issues. ۱۹۹۹ [cited 15 June 2013];۱۰:۲۷۹–۲۹۸.
• Chodoff, Paul. Ethical conflicts in psychiatry: the Soviet Union vs. the U.S.. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. ۱۹۸۵;۳۶(۹):۹۲۵–۹۲۸. PMID 4065851.
• Chorny, Roman [Роман Чорный]. Позиция гражданской комиссии по правам человека [The stand of the Citizens Commission on Human Rights]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۱۰ [cited 16 December 2012];(۴):۱۸–۲۴. Russian.
• Danilin, Alexander [Александр Данилин]. Тупик [Deadlock]. Русская жизнь [Russian Life]. 28 March 2008 [cited 21 April 2011]. Russian.
• Dmitriev, Dmitry [Дмитрий Дмитриев]. Книжная полка Дмитрия Дмитриева [The bookshelf of Dmitry Dmitriev]. Novy Mir [New World]. ۲۰۰۲ [cited 30 January 2013];(۷). Russian.
• Fulford, K. ; Smirnov, A. ; Snow, E.. Concepts of disease and the abuse of psychiatry in the USSR. The British Journal of Psychiatry. ۱۹۹۳ [cited 23 January 2012];162(۶):۸۰۱–۸۱۰. doi:10.1192/bjp.162.6.801.
• Gershman, Carl. Psychiatric abuse in the Soviet Union. Society. ۱۹۸۴;۲۱(۵):۵۴–۵۹. doi:10.1007/BF02695434. PMID 11615169.
• Gluzman, Semyon. Abuse of psychiatry: analysis of the guilt of medical personnel. مجله اخلاق پزشکی. ۱۹۹۱;۱۷(Supplement):۱۹–۲۰. doi:10.1136/jme.17.Suppl.19. PMID 1795363.
• Gluzman, Semyon [Семён Глузман]. Украинское лицо судебной психиатрии [The Ukrainian face of forensic psychiatry]. Новости медицины и фармации [Medicine and Pharmacy News]. ۲۰۰۹a;۱۵(289). Russian.
• Gluzman, Semyon [Семён Глузман]. Этиология психиатрических злоупотреблений: попытка мультидисциплинарного анализа [The etiology of psychiatric abuses: an attempt at multidisciplinary analysis]. Новости медицины и фармации [Medicine and Pharmacy News]. ۲۰۰۹b [cited 2 January 2013];۲۰(300):۱۸–۱۹. Russian.
• Gluzman, Semyon [Семён Глузман]. Этиология злоупотреблений в психиатрии: попытка мультидисциплинарного анализа [The etiology of abuses in psychiatry: an attempt at multidisciplinary analysis]. Нейроnews: Психоневрология и нейропсихиатрия [Neuronews: Psychoneurology and Neuropsychiatry]. January 2010 [archived ۱۱ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۱; cited ۳۱ اکتبر ۲۰۱۳];۱(۲۰). Russian.
• Gostin, Larry. Soviet Psychiatric Abuse: the Shadow Over World Psychiatry. مجله اخلاق پزشکی. ۱۹۸۶;۱۲(۳):۱۶۱–۱۶۲. doi:10.1136/jme.12.3.161-a.
• Gushansky, Emmanuil [Эммануил Гушанский]. Нужны ли правозащитники в психиатрии? [Are defenders of human rights needed in psychiatry?]. Российский бюллетень по правам человека [Russian Bulletin on Human Rights]. ۱۹۹۹ [archived ۱۹ ژانویه ۲۰۱۳; cited 18 February 2013];(۱۳). Russian.
• Gushansky, Emmanuil [Эммануил Гушанский]. Нужны ли правозащитники в психиатрии? [Are defenders of human rights needed in psychiatry?]. Адвокатская палата [Advocatory chamber]. ۲۰۱۰ [archived 12 ژوئیه 2013; cited 12 July 2013];(۸):۲۳–۲۵. Russian.
• Gushansky, Emmanuil [Эммануил Гушанский]. Субъективная картина болезни и гуманистические проблемы в психиатрии [Subjective picture of disease and humanistic issues in psychiatry]. Человек [Man]. ۲۰۰۰;(۲):۱۱۲–۱۱۹. Russian.
• Keukens, Rob; Voren, Robert van. Coercion in psychiatry: still an instrument of political misuse?. BMC Psychiatry. ۲۰۰۷;7(Suppl 1):S4. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-7-S1-S4.
• Koryagin, Anatoliy. Compulsion in psychiatry: blessing or curse?. Psychiatric Bulletin. ۱۹۹۰ [cited 21 April 2011];۱۴(۷):۳۹۴–۳۹۸. doi:10.1192/pb.14.7.394.
• Kosserev, Igor; Crawshaw, Ralph. Medicine and the Gulag. بی‌ام‌جی. ۱۹۹۴;309(۶۹۷۰):۱۷۲۶–۱۷۳۰. doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6970.1726. PMID 7820004.
• Lader, Malcolm. Prisoners of psychiatry. بی‌ام‌جی. ۱۹۸۰;281(۶۲۳۵):۲۹۸–۲۹۹.
• Lapshin, O.V. [О. В. Лапшин]. Недобровольная госпитализация психически больных в законодательстве России и Соединенных Штатов [Involuntary hospitalization of mental patients in the legislation of Russia and the United States]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۳ [cited 8 July 2011];(۴). Russian.
• Lavretsky, Helen. The Russian Concept of Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ۱۹۹۸ [cited 21 April 2011];۲۴(۴):۵۳۷–۵۵۷. doi:۱۰٫۱۰۹۳/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033348. PMID 9853788.
• Levine, Sidney. The Special Committee on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry. Psychiatric Bulletin. ۱۹۸۱;۵(۵):۹۴–۹۵. doi:10.1192/pb.5.5.94.
• Lyons, Declan; O'Malley, Art. The labelling of dissent — politics and psychiatry behind the Great Wall. The Psychiatrist. ۲۰۰۲:۴۴۳–۴۴۴. doi:10.1192/pb.26.12.443.
• Magalif, Alexandr [Александр Магалиф]. Коготок увяз — всей птичке пропасть [Chickens come home to roost]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal. ۲۰۱۰ [cited 21 April 2011];(۱):۶۹–۷۱. Russian.
• Merskey, Harold. Political neutrality and international cooperation in medicine. مجله اخلاق پزشکی. ۱۹۷۸;۴(۲):۷۴–۷۷. PMID 671475.
• Moran, Mark. Historic Visit Documented Abuses, Led to Psychiatric System Reform. Psychiatric News. 3 December 2010;۴۵(۲۳):۹, ۳۷.
• Nuller, Yuri [Юрий Нуллер]. О парадигме в психиатрии [On paradign in psychiatry]. Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В. М. Бехтерева. ۱۹۹۱;(۴). Russian.
• Ougrin, Dennis; Gluzman, Semyon; Dratcu, Luiz. Psychiatry in post-communist Ukraine: dismantling the past, paving the way for the future. The Psychiatrist. ۲۰۰۶;۳۰(۱۲):۴۵۶–۴۵۹. doi:10.1192/pb.30.12.456.
• Pshizov, Vladimir [Владимир Пшизов]. Психиатрия тронулась? [Has psychiatry moved on?]. Альманах "Неволя" ["Bondage" Almanac]. ۲۰۰۶ [archived ۲۶ دسامبر ۲۰۱۲; cited 29 December 2012];(۶). Russian.
• Popov, Yuri V.. The Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. ۱۹۹۲ [cited 21 April 2011]. ISBN ۹۷۸-۰-۸۸۰۴۸-۶۶۷-۵. Diagnosis of a "Severe Personality Disorder" as a Cause of Criminal Inresponsibility: V.K. Bukovsky. p. ۶۹–۷۳.
• Rafalsky, Viktor [Виктор Рафальский]. Репортаж из ниоткуда [News from nowhere]. Воля: журнал узников тоталитарных систем [Will: the journal of prisoners of totalitarian systems]. ۱۹۹۵ [cited 5 April 2012];(۴–۵):۱۶۲–۱۸۱. Russian.
• Safonova, Catherine [Екатерина Сафонова]. Если вы не отзовётесь, мы напишем в "Спортлото"! [If you do not respond we will write to the 'sports lottery'!]. Ogonyok. 27 September 1999 [archived ۲۵ مه ۲۰۱۳; cited 18 December 2012];(۲۷). Russian.
• Sagan, Leonard; Jonsen, Albert. Medical Ethics and Torture. نیوانگلند ژورنال آو مدیسین. ۱۹۷۶;294(۲۶):۱۴۲۷–۱۴۳۰. doi:10.1056/NEJM197606242942605. PMID 944852.
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. Отчетный доклад о деятельности НПА России за ۲۰۰۰–۲۰۰۳ гг [Report on the activities of the IPA of Russia over 2000–2003]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۴a [cited 20 July 2011];(۲). Russian.
• Новикова. Права человека и психиатрия в Российской Федерации: Доклад по результатам мониторинга и тематические статьи [Human rights and psychiatry in the Russian Federation: Report on the results of monitoring and subject articles]. Moscow: Московская Хельсинкская группа [Moscow Helsinki Group]; ۲۰۰۴b [cited ۳۱ اکتبر ۲۰۱۳]. Russian. ISBN 5-98440-007-3. Тенденции в отношении к правам человека в области психического здоровья [Trends in the attitude to human rights in the field of mental health]. بایگانی‌شده در ۲ نوامبر ۲۰۱۳ توسط Wayback Machine
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. Карательная психиатрия в России (рецензия) [Punitive psychiatry in Russia (review)]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۵a [cited 21 April 2011];(۱). Russian.
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. "Институт дураков" Виктора Некипелова [Institute of fools by Victor Nekipelov]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۵b [cited 21 April 2011];(۴). Russian.
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. Дело Андрея Новикова. Психиатрию в политических целях использует власть, а не психиатры: Интервью Ю. С. Савенко корреспонденту "Новой газеты" Галине Мурсалиевой [The case of Andrei Novikov. Psychiatry for political purposes used by authority, not psychiatrists: Yuri Savenko interviewed by Galina Mursalieva, correspondent of "Novaya Gazeta"]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۷ [cited 26 December 2011];(۴):۸۸–۹۱. Russian.
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. Михаил Осипович (Иосифович) Гуревич [Mikhail Osipovich (Iosifovich) Gurevich]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۹a [cited 4 July 2011];(۳). Russian.
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. ۲۰-летие НПА России [۲۰th anniversary of the IPA of Russia]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal. ۲۰۰۹b [cited 20 July 2011];(۱):۵–۱۸. Russian.
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. Открытое письмо Президенту Российской Федерации Д. А. Медведеву [The open letter to the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۹c [cited 12 July 2011];(۲):۵–۶. Russian.
• Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]. Латентные формы антипсихиатрии как главная опасность [Latent forms of anti-psychiatry as a major threat]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۱۰ [cited 16 December 2012];(۴):۱۳–۱۷. Russian.
• Savenko, Yuri; Bartenev, Dmitry [Юрий Савенко; Дмитрий Бартенев]. Психиатр и юрист о новой инициативе центра им. Сербского [The psychiatrist and lawyer comment a new initiative of the Serbsky Center]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۱۰ [cited 12 July 2011];(۱):۸۵–۸۶. Russian.
• Shaw, David; Bloch, Sidney; Vickers, Ann. Psychiatry and the state. نیو ساینتیست. ۱۹۷۲ [cited 20 February 2011];۵۶(818):۲۵۸–۲۶۱.
• Shchukina, Elena; Shishkov, Sergei [Елена Щукина; Сергей Шишков]. Актуальные правовые вопросы судебно-психиатрической экспертизы [Relevant legal issues of forensic-psychiatric expert evaluation]. Российский психиатрический журнал. ۲۰۰۹;(۶):۲۴–۲۸. Russian.
• Smythies, J.. Psychiatry and the neurosciences. Psychological Medicine. ۱۹۷۳;۳(۳):۲۶۷–۲۶۹. doi:10.1017/S0033291700049576. PMID 4125732.
• Stayzhkin, V.D.. The Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. واشینگتن، دی. سی.: American Psychiatric Press; ۱۹۹۲ [cited 21 April 2011]. ISBN 0-88048-667-8. Diagnosis of a Paranoiac (Delusional) Personality Development in the Forensic Psychiatric Expert Examination. p. ۶۵–۶۸.
• Stone, Alan. Psychiatrists on the side of the angels: the Falun Gong and Soviet Jewry. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. ۲۰۰۲;۳۰(۱):۱۰۷–۱۱۱. PMID 11931357.
• Svetova, Zoya [Зоя Светова]. Злоупотребление психиатрической властью в России – свидетельствует пресса [The abuse of psychiatric power in Russia, as witnessed by the press]. Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal [The Independent Psychiatric Journal]. ۲۰۰۷ [cited 8 August 2011];(۲):۸۷–۸۹. Russian.
• Szasz, Thomas. Psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric power and psychiatric abuse. مجله اخلاق پزشکی. ۱۹۹۴;۲۰(۳):۱۳۵–۱۳۸. doi:10.1136/jme.20.3.135. PMID 7996558.
• Szasz, Thomas. The Therapeutic State: The Tyranny of Pharmacracy. The Independent Review. ۲۰۰۱ [cited 20 January 2012];V(۴):۴۸۵–۵۲۱.
• The New Leader. The trial of Iosif Brodsky: A transcript. The New Leader. ۱۹۶۴;(۴۷):۶–۷.
• Voren, Robert van. Comparing Soviet and Chinese Political Psychiatry. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. ۲۰۰۲ [cited 27 February 2011];۳۰(۱):۱۳۱–۱۳۵. PMID 11931361.
• Voren, Robert van. Political Abuse of Psychiatry—An Historical Overview. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ۲۰۱۰a;۳۶(۱):۳۳–۳۵. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp119. PMID 19892821.
• Voren, Robert van [Ворен, Роберт ван]. История повторяется и в политической психиатрии [History repeats itself in political psychiatry too]. Новости медицины и фармации [Medicine and Pharmacy News]. ۲۰۰۹b;(303). Russian.

روزنامه ها

• Activist held in psychiatric hospital. واشینگتن تایمز. 29 July 2007 [cited 2 May 2011].
• Украинское информационное агентство Новости [Ukrainian Informational Agency "News"]. В Украине слишком много психбольниц: пресс-конференция С. Глузмана [There are too many psychiatric hospitals in Ukraine: S. Gluzman’s press conference]; 4 October 2008 [cited 27 July 2011]. Russian.
• Billington, Michael. Every Good Boy Deserves Favour. گاردین. Monday 19 January 2009 [cited 21 April 2011].
• Blomfield, Adrian. Labelled mad for daring to criticise the Kremlin. دیلی تلگراف. 13 August 2007 [cited 4 May 2011].
• Finn, Peter. In Russia, Psychiatry Is Again a Tool Against Dissent. واشینگتن پست. Saturday, 30 September 2006 [cited 2 May 2011].
• Franks, Alan. Tom Stoppard and Andre Previn on Every Good Boy Deserves Favour. The Times. 22 December 2008 [archived ۵ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۱; cited ۳۱ اکتبر ۲۰۱۳].
• Gee, Alastair. Russian dissident 'forcibly detained in mental hospital. ایندیپندنت. Monday, 30 July 2007 [cited 4 May 2011].
• Glasser, Susan. Psychiatry's Painful Past Resurfaces in Russian Case; Handling of Chechen Murder Reminds Many of Soviet Political Abuse of Mental Health System. واشینگتن پست. 15 Dec 2002.; Russian translation available from: "Болезненное прошлое российской психиатрии вновь всплыло в судебном деле Буданова". inosmi.ru. 2002-12-15. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
• Nyquist, Jeffrey. Marina Kalashnikova's Warning to the West. Global Analysis. 17 July 2009 [archived ۱۱ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۱; cited 2 May 2011].
• Podrabinek, Alexandr [Александр Подрабинек]. Хотелось бы иметь права [One would like to have rights]. نوایا گازتا [New Newspaper]. 2 August 2007 [archived ۲۲ مه ۲۰۱۱; cited 4 May 2011]. Russian.
• Podrabinek, Alexandr [Александр Подрабинек]. Не рождественская история [No Christmas story]. Ежедневный журнал [Daily Journal]. 27 December 2010 [cited 24 April 2011]. Russian.
• Reich, Walter. The world of Soviet psychiatry. The New York Times. 30 January 1983 [cited 21 April 2011].
• Rodriguez, Alex. Russian dissidents called mentally ill. شیکاگو تریبون. 12 August 2007 [cited 2 May 2011].
• Spencer, Charles. Every Good Boy Deserves Favour at the National Theatre, review. The Telegraph. 14 January 2010 [cited 21 April 2011].
• Vyzhutovich, Valeri [Валерий Выжутович]. Когда болит душа [When the soul hurts]. روسیسکایا گازتا [Russian Newspaper]. 3 November 2011 [cited 4 January 2013]:Week number 5624 (248). Russian.

محتوای صوتی تصویری

• Russia: [TV documentary], Тюремная психиатрия [Prison Psychiatry]; ۲۰۰۵ [archived ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳; cited 21 April 2011]; p. duration 00.43.11. Russian.

وبسایتها

• The Complete Review. Every Good Boy Deserves Favour by Tom Stoppard; ۲۰۰۹ [cited 21 April 2011].
• National Theatre. Every good boy deserves favour; January 2010 [archived 20 March 2012; cited 21 April 2011].
• The Gratitude Fund. Vladimir Bukovsky: List of publications; 11 December 2004 [cited 16 February 2011].
• Agamirov, Karen [Карэн Агамиров]. رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی. Человек имеет право, ۲۵ января ۲۰۰۵ [Man has the right]; 25 January 2005 [cited 16 February 2011]. Russian.
• Baburin, Vladimir [Владимир Бабурин]. رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی. Права человека [Human rights]; 31 October 2001 [cited 16 December 2012]. Russian.
• Ovchinsky, Vladimir [Владимир Овчинский]. رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی. Российская психиатрия: чего изволите? [Russian psychiatry: how may I serve you?]; ۲۰۱۰ ۲۹ June [cited 29 December 2012]. Russian.
• Polyakovskaya, Elena [Елена Поляковская]; Gorelik, Kristina [Кристина Горелик]. رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی. Психиатрия как инструмент принуждения [Psychiatry as a tool of coercion]; 10 October 2013 [cited 10 October 2013]. Russian.
• Valovitch, Tatiana [Татьяна Валович]. رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی. Владимир Пшизов [Vladimir Pshizov]; 13 March 2003 [cited 3 January 2013]. Russian.
• Volchek, Dmitry [Дмитрий Волчек]. رادیو اروپای آزاد/رادیو آزادی. Освободить Алексея Мананникова [Release Alexey Manannikov]; 26 December 2010 [cited 21 April 2011]. Russian.

مطالعه بیشتر

• Alexeyeva, Ludmilla (1987). Soviet dissent: contemporary movements for national, religious, and human rights. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6176-2.
• Alexeyeva, Ludmilla [Людмила Алексеева] (1992). История инакомыслия в СССР: новейший период [History of dissent in the USSR: contemporary period (به Russian). Vilnius—Moscow: Весть [News]. (The Russian text of the book)
• Antébi, Elizabeth (1977). Droit d'asiles en Union Soviétique. Paris: Editions Julliard. ISBN 2-260-00065-7.
• Bloch, Sidney (1978). "Psychiatry as ideology in the USSR". Journal of Medical Ethics. ۴ (۳): ۱۲۶–۱۳۱. doi:10.1136/jme.4.3.126. PMC 1154661. PMID 691016. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1977). Russia's political hospitals: The abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Victor Gollancz Ltd. ISBN 0-575-02318-X.
• Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1985). Soviet psychiatric abuse: the shadow over world psychiatry. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-0209-9.
• Bloch, Sidney [Сидней Блох]; Reddaway, Peter [Питер Реддауэй] (1996). "Диагноз: инакомыслие" (PDF). Карта: Российский независимый исторический и правозащитный журнал [Karta: Russian Independent Historical and Human Rights Defending Journal] (به Russian) (№۱۳–۱۴): ۵۶–۶۷. Retrieved 1 January 2013. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help)
• Fireside, Harvey (1982). Soviet Psychoprisons. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-00065-6.
• Gluzman, Semyon (1989). On Soviet totalitarian psychiatry. Amsterdam: International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry. ISBN 90-72657-02-0.
• Korotenko, Ada [Ада Коротенко]; Alikina, Natalia [Наталия Аликина] (2002). Советская психиатрия: Заблуждения и умысел (به Russian). Kiev: Издательство «Сфера» [Publishing house "Sphere"]. ISBN 966-7841-36-7. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help)
• Medvedev, Zhores; Medvedev, Roy (1979). A Question of Madness: Repression by Psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Norton. ISBN 0-393-00921-1.
• Podrabinek, Alexandr (1980). Punitive medicine. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers. ISBN 0-89720-022-5.
• Prokopenko, Anatoly [Анатолий Прокопенко] (1997). Безумная психиатрия: секретные материалы о применении в СССР психиатрии в карательных целях (به Russian). Moscow: "Совершенно секретно" ["Top Secret"]. ISBN 5-85275-145-6. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (help)
• Smith, Theresa; Oleszczuk, Thomas (1996). No Asylum: State Psychiatric Repression in the Former U.S.S.R. New York City: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-8061-X.
• Soviet Political Psychiatry: The Story of the Opposition. London: International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals. 1983.
• Van Voren, Robert (2009). On Dissidents and Madness: From the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin. Amsterdam—New York: Rodopi Publishers. ISBN 978-90-420-2585-1.