نبردهای سمینول

نبردهای سمینول
	بخشی از جنگ‌های سرخ‌پوستان
	; یک قایق اکتشافی سپاه تفنگداران دریایی ایالات متحده آمریکا در حال جستجوی اورگلیدز در طول دومین نبرد سمینول
تاریخ	۱۸۱۶–۱۸۵۸[1][2]
مکان	فلوریدای مستعمره اسپانیا، فلوریدا
نتیجه	پیروزی آمریکایی‌ها[3] American incursions into Spanish Florida (c. 1816 – 1819) result in the First Seminole War; Spain cedes Florida to the U.S. via پیمان فلوریدا (1819)[4]; Seminoles moved to central Florida per Treaty of Moultrie Creek (1823)[5]; Seminole resistance to the قانون جابه‌جایی سرخ‌پوستان flares into major conflict across the Florida peninsula during the Second Seminole War (1835–1842); By early 1840s, most Seminoles forced to move to Indian Territory.; Renewed conflict with last group of Seminoles in southwest Florida during the Third Seminole War (1855–1858); By late 1850s, most remaining Seminoles forced to leave; a few hundred move deep in the اورگلیدز to land unwanted by American settlers[2];
طرفین درگیر
ایالات متحده آمریکا	Seminole; Yuchi; Freedmen; اسپانیا; پادشاهی متحد بریتانیای کبیر و ایرلند
فرماندهان و رهبران
اندرو جکسون (1816–19, 1835–37); مارتین ون بیورن (1837–41); ویلیام هنری هریسون (1841); جان تایلر (1841–42); Duncan Lamont Clinch; Edmund P. Gaines,; وینفیلد اسکات (1836); Thomas Jesup (1836-38),; Richard Gentry † (1837); David Moniac † (1836),; Francis Langhorne Dade † (1835),; زکری تیلور (1838–40),; Walker Keith Armistead (1840–41); William J. Worth (1841–42); فرانکلین پیرس (1856–57); جیمز بیوکنن (1857–1858); William S. Harney	Alexander Arbuthnot †; Robert Ambrister †; Josiah Francis †; Homathlemico †; Garçon †; Osceola; John Horse; Billy Bowlegs
قوا
Peak: 40,000 Expeditionary: 8,000[6]	1,500[6]
تلفات
1,500[7]-2,000[8]	heavy

نبردهای سمینول (انگلیسی: Seminole Wars‎) همچنین شناخته شده با عنوان دیگر؛ نبردهای فلوریدا، عنوان جنگ‌ها و منازعاتی است که در منطقه فلوریدا و میان گروهی از بومیان آمریکایی تحت عنوان سمینول و ارتش ایالات متحده به وقوع پیوست

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

Kohn, George Childs (2004). Dictionary of Wars: Third Edition. United States of America: Checkmark Books. p. 486. ISBN 0-8160-6578-0. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
"Timeline of the Florida Seminoles". Florida Memory. State Library and Archives of Florida. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
French, Bob (December 16, 1994). "Tribal Tribute: Groups Aim To Erect Statue To Honor A Seminole Hero". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
"Territorial Period - Florida Department of State". dos.myflorida.com. Florida Department of State. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
"Seminole Origins and Migration into Florida". Florida Memory. State Library and Archives of Florida. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Kohn, George Childs (2004). Dictionary of Wars: Third Edition. United States of America: Checkmark Books. p. 486. ISBN 0-8160-6578-0. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Kohn, George Childs (2004). Dictionary of Wars: Third Edition. United States of America: Checkmark Books. p. 486. ISBN 0-8160-6578-0. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Bluhm, Raymond K. "Seminole Wars". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 18, 2017. As many as 2,000 U.S. soldiers were killed in this prolonged fighting, which cost the government between $40,000,000 and $60,000,000. Only after Osceola's capture while parleying under a flag of truce did Indian resistance decline. With peace, most Seminoles agreed to emigrate. The Third Seminole War (1855–58) resulted from renewed efforts to track down the Seminole remnant remaining in Florida. It caused little bloodshed and ended with the United States paying the most resistant band of refugees to go West.

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Seminole Wars». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۲ ژوئن ۲۰۱۹.

پیوند به بیرون

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[1] Kohn, George Childs (2004). Dictionary of Wars: Third Edition. United States of America: Checkmark Books. p. 486. ISBN 0-8160-6578-0. Retrieved July 17, 2017.

[FLMEM-2] "Timeline of the Florida Seminoles". Florida Memory. State Library and Archives of Florida. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[3] French, Bob (December 16, 1994). "Tribal Tribute: Groups Aim To Erect Statue To Honor A Seminole Hero". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved September 28, 2012.

[FLDOS-4] "Territorial Period - Florida Department of State". dos.myflorida.com. Florida Department of State. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[FLMEM1-5] "Seminole Origins and Migration into Florida". Florida Memory. State Library and Archives of Florida. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[books.google.com-6] Kohn, George Childs (2004). Dictionary of Wars: Third Edition. United States of America: Checkmark Books. p. 486. ISBN 0-8160-6578-0. Retrieved July 17, 2017.

[7] Kohn, George Childs (2004). Dictionary of Wars: Third Edition. United States of America: Checkmark Books. p. 486. ISBN 0-8160-6578-0. Retrieved July 18, 2017.

[8] Bluhm, Raymond K. "Seminole Wars". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 18, 2017. As many as 2,000 U.S. soldiers were killed in this prolonged fighting, which cost the government between $40,000,000 and $60,000,000. Only after Osceola's capture while parleying under a flag of truce did Indian resistance decline. With peace, most Seminoles agreed to emigrate. The Third Seminole War (1855–58) resulted from renewed efforts to track down the Seminole remnant remaining in Florida. It caused little bloodshed and ended with the United States paying the most resistant band of refugees to go West.