فهرست کشورها و قلمروها بر پایه مرزهای زمینی و دریایی
در اینجا فهرست کشورها و قلمروها بر پایه مرزهای زمینی و دریایی ارائه شدهاست.
فهرست
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منابع
- Numbers in parentheses include territories without full sovereignty.
- In 1992, Abkhazia declared sovereignty from Georgia. Georgia disputes the declaration and considers Abkhazia to be part of its territory. The only sovereign states that recognize Abkhazia's sovereignty are Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Nauru. Because of the low level of international recognition, Abkhazia is not considered a sovereign state for the purposes of this list and is not included in other countries' listings of neighboring countries and territories.
- This is a territorial claim in Antarctica. Territorial claims in Antarctica have been recognized only between the few countries making claims in the area. Because some of the claims overlap and there is a low number of recognition for these claims, Antarctic territorial claims are not included in this chart when listing countries' neighboring countries and territories. The specific Antarctic claims are included in this chart, but only in reference to each other.
- This territory is part of the widely dispersed French Southern and Antarctic Lands, an overseas territory of France.
- The Government of India also considers Afghanistan to be a bordering country. This is because it considers the entire Kashmir region to be a part of India including the portion bordering Afghanistan. A ceasefire sponsored by the UN in 1948 froze the positions of Indian and Pakistani-held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan area.
- This territory is not sovereign but is a British overseas territory. Its territory constitutes part of the sovereign territory of the United Kingdom but strictly speaking is not part of the United Kingdom itself.
- The Republic of Cyprus has claimed an EEZ around the entirety of the island of Cyprus, disregarding the coastlines of Akrotiri and Dhekelia and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. (The Extension of Coastal State Jurisdiction in Enclosed and Semi-Enclosed Seas, Mitja Grbec, 2014.)
- In 2008, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. Although Kosovo's sovereignty has been recognized by 113 UN member states, Serbia disputes its sovereignty, claiming that Kosovo remains one of its provinces. Serbia referred the dispute to the International Court of Justice, which ruled that the declaration of independence was legal. For purposes of this list, Kosovo is considered to be a sovereign country. If Kosovo is considered part of Serbia, some numbers in the table would be reduced by one (e.g. , when a state borders both Serbia and Kosovo). Other numbers would remain the same (e.g. , when a state borders Kosovo but not Serbia).
- Western Sahara is a non-self-governing territory. Administration is split between Morocco and the largely unrecognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, both of which claim sovereignty over the entire territory (see Legal status of Western Sahara). For purposes of this list, Western Sahara is considered to be a sovereign country.
- This territory is not sovereign, but is an insular area of the United States. U.S. territories are considered to be part of the sovereign territory of the United States.
- The Cook Islands is a self-governing country in free association with New Zealand. The Cook Islands controls a portion of its own foreign affairs, including the establishment and regulation of borders. However, the Cook Islands is not a member of the United Nations and is part of the Realm of New Zealand, with Cook Island people being New Zealand citizens. For purposes of this list, the Cook Islands, New Zealand, Niue, and Tokelau are considered constituent parts of one sovereign state.
- Niue is a self-governing country in free association with New Zealand. Niue controls a portion of its own foreign affairs, including the establishment and regulation of borders. However, Niue is not a member of the United Nations and is part of the Realm of New Zealand, with Niuean people being New Zealand citizens. For purposes of this list, Niue, the Cook Islands, New Zealand, and Tokelau are considered constituent parts of one sovereign state.
- Tokelau is a non-self-governing territory within the Realm of New Zealand.
- This territory is not sovereign, but is an overseas collectivity of France, and as such it is part of the sovereign territory of France.
- Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, which is a British overseas territory.
- Claims to territory overlap.
- The Republic of Artsakh, formerly known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, declared independence from Azerbaijan in 1991. However, neither Azerbaijan nor any other state or international organization has recognized it as a sovereign state. For this reason, Artsakh is not considered a sovereign state for the purposes of this list and is not included in other countries' listings of neighboring countries and territories.
- This territory is not sovereign, but is a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. For purposes of this list, Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten are considered constituent parts of one sovereign state.
- This territory is not sovereign but is part of the sovereign territory of Australia.
- New Caledonia is not sovereign but is a sui generis collectivity of France and as such it is part of the sovereign territory of France.
- The maritime boundary is in the Caspian Sea. Some consider the Caspian Sea to be a lake.
- Venezuela Disputes, IndexMundi
- This territory is not sovereign and is a dependent territory of Norway. It is not part of the Kingdom of Norway, but it is considered to be part of the sovereign territory of Norway.
- This territory is not sovereign, but is a country within the Kingdom of Denmark. For purposes of this list, Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland are considered constituent parts of one sovereign state.
- For information on the Republic of China , see the listing in this table under "Taiwan".
- Hong Kong is not sovereign but since 1997 has been a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong has a high degree of autonomy, including separate passports and a defined international boundary within China, but it is not considered a separate sovereign state for the purposes of this list.
- Macau is not sovereign but since 1999 has been a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Macau has a high degree of autonomy, including separate passports and a defined international boundary within China, but it is not considered a separate sovereign state for the purposes of this list.
- Clipperton Island is not sovereign but is property of the government of France; as such, it is part of the sovereign territory of France.
- Madagascar claims sovereignty over the Glorioso Islands.
- Northern Cyprus declared independence in 1983, shortly after Turkey invaded the island in response to a coup d'état by Greek Cypriots that was backed by Greece. Cyprus disputes the declaration of sovereignty and considers Northern Cyprus to be part of its territory. The United Nations and the European Union also do not recognize the sovereignty of Northern Cyprus. The only sovereign state that recognizes Northern Cyprus's sovereignty is Turkey. Northern Cyprus also lacks some of the indicators of legal sovereignty, relying heavily on Turkey for its continuing existence separate from Cyprus. Because of these factors, Northern Cyprus is not considered a sovereign state for the purposes of this list and is not included in other countries' listings of neighboring countries and territories.
- Does not include the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
- In 1988, the Palestinian Liberation Organization declared as sovereign the State of Palestine. Palestinian sovereignty is recognized by 137 UN member states, and is a United Nations non-member observer state. The State of Palestine consists of[West Bank]] and the Gaza Strip. In this list, for purposes of counting bordering states, Palestine is considered to be a single sovereign entity.
- Excluding French collectivities and territories.
- This territory is not sovereign but it a British Crown Dependency. Crown Dependencies are possessions of the British Crown but strictly speaking are not part of the United Kingdom.
- Excluding Adélie Land.
- This territory is not sovereign but is an overseas territory of France.
- Guyana, Barbados in maritime pact, February 25, 2004, Stabroek News
- What will you see if you visit the precise point where India ends and Sri Lanka begins?, Scroll.in, 1 March 2017.
- More specifically, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island. Madagascar claims sovereignty over all these islands.
- The Marshall Islands claims sovereignty over Wake Island, which is an insular area of the United States.
- Madagascar claims sovereignty over Tromelin Island.
- More specifically, Bassas da India, Europa Island, and Juan de Nova Island.
- Includes Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius, but excludes Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten.
- Does not include the Cook Islands, Niue, or Tokelau.
- Not including Bouvet Island, Svalbard, or Jan Mayen.
- Includes autonomous regions of Portugal.
- Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in 1991. However, neither Somalia nor any other state or international organization has recognized Somaliland as a sovereign state. For this reason, Somaliland is not considered a sovereign state for the purposes of this list and is not included in other countries' listings of neighboring countries and territories.
- In 1990, South Ossetia declared sovereignty from Georgia. Georgia disputes the declaration and considers South Ossetia to be part of its territory. The only sovereign states that recognize South Ossentia's sovereignty are Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Nauru. Because of the low level of international recognition, South Ossetia is not considered a sovereign state for the purposes of this list and is not included in other countries' listings of neighboring countries and territories.
- The maritime boundary between Norway and Russia is continuous from the north edge of the European mainland to the sea between Svalbard and Franz Josef Land. In other words, there are not two separate Russian boundaries for Russia–Norway and Russia–Svalbard. Svalbard therefore acts only to extend the otherwise existing Russia–Norway boundary.
- In 1949, during the Chinese Civil War, the government and leaders of the Republic of China (ROC), led by Chiang Kai-shek, retreated from mainland China to the island of Taiwan. In Taiwan, the ROC continues to claim sovereignty over all China, including the mainland and Taiwan. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which has governed mainland China since the ROC government retreated, also claims to be the sole representative of all China, including Taiwan. Even though the ROC government in Taiwan has never asserted that Taiwan's sovereignty is separate from that of China's, for many practical purposes Taiwan is treated by other countries and international organizations as a country that is separate from the PRC. For the purposes of this list, Taiwan is considered to be an entity that is separate from China.
- In the early 1990, Transnistria attempted to separate itself, first from the Moldavian SSR and then from sovereign Moldova. Moldova disputes Transnistrian sovereignty and considers it to be part of its territory. There are no sovereign states that recognize Transnistria's sovereignty. Because of the lack of international recognition, Transnistria is not considered a sovereign state for the purposes of this list and is not included in other countries' listings of neighboring countries and territories.
- The United Kingdom does not include British overseas territories or Crown dependencies.
- مشارکتکنندگان ویکیپدیا. «List of countries and territories by land and maritime borders». در دانشنامهٔ ویکیپدیای انگلیسی، بازبینیشده در ۵ مه ۲۰۲۰.
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